【題型概述】

邏輯推理試題共有兩個部分，每部分有24-26道試題。一般每道題都有一篇小的短文或?qū)υ挘缓筢槍Υ硕涛幕驅(qū)υ捥岢鰡栴}。　短文或?qū)υ捝婕暗姆秶軓V，包括哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、政治、科技、藝術(shù)、歷史、體育等等。

邏輯推理試題主要測試考生的以下能力：

●確定中心思想

●找出推理中的假設(shè)

●從已知事實或前提得出合理結(jié)論

●確定推理的準(zhǔn)則并將之應(yīng)用于新的論證

●確定推理的方法或結(jié)構(gòu)

●找出推理的錯誤及誤解

●確定新的事實或論證對現(xiàn)有論證或結(jié)論的加強(qiáng)或削弱

●對論證進(jìn)行分析

【試題類型】

邏輯推理實體的類型一般包括以下幾種：

1.有關(guān)結(jié)論(Conclusion)的問題：

The　term　"pit　bull"　does　not　designate　a　breed　of　dog,　as　do　the　terms　"German　shepherd"　and　"poodle.　"　It　is　like　the　terms　"Seeing-Eye　dog"　and　"police　dog,"　which　designate　dogs　according　to　what　they　do.　If　you　take　two　German　shepherds　and　place　them　side　by　side,　you　cannot　tell　by　appearance　alone　which　is　the　police　dog　and　which　is　the　Seeing-Eye　dog.

Which　one　of　the　following　is　the　main　point　of　the　passage?

(A)　German　shepherds　can　be　pit　bulls.

(B)　Pit　bulls　can　be　distinguished　from　other　kinds　of　dogs.

(C)　A　dog　is　pit　bull　because　of　what　it　does,　not　because　of　its　breed.

(D)　German　shepherds　can　function　both　as　police　dogs　and　as　Seeing-Eye　dogs.

(E)　Some　breeds　of　dogs　cannot　be　distinguished　from　other　breeds　of　dogs　by　appearance　alone.

答案(C)

2.有關(guān)推論(Infer)的問題：

Below　is　an　excerpt　from　a　letter　that　a　medical　school　sent　to　an　applicant:　We　regret　that　we　will　not　be　offering　you　a　position　at　our　school.　The　committee　has　been　forced　to　reject　many　highly　qualified　applicants　because　we　must　restrict　our　class　size　to　fewer　than　200　students.

Which　one　of　the　following　can　be　logically　inferred　from　the　information　in　the　letter　above?

(A)　Only　highly　qualified　applicants　were　accepted　by　the　medical　school.

(B)　The　applicant　was　considered　to　be　highly　qualified.

(C)　The　school　had　already　taken　its　maximum　number　of　students.

(D)　Most　of　the　applicants　were　highly　qualified.

(E)　The　qualifications　of　applicants　were　not　the　only　factor　affecting　admissions.

答案(E)

3.　有關(guān)假設(shè)(Assumption)的問題：

Schools　that　train　students　in　technical　skills　for　a　specific　field　of　work　are　more　successful,　as　measured　by　the　percentage　of　students　that　gain　employment　in　full-time　jobs　in　the　sixmonth　period　following　graduation,　than　are　institutions　that　teach　a　liberal　arts　curriculum. Technical　schools　have　a　student　employment　rate　of　approximately　65　percent,　whereas　liberal　arts　schools　have　a　rate　of　only　56　percent.　This　difference　reveals　that　technical　schools　are　more　effectively　meeting　the　challenge　of　providing　education　than　are　liberal　arts　schools.

Which　one　of　the　following　is　an　assumption　on　which　the　above　argument　rests?

(A)　Schools　will　not　accurately　report　information　if　they　believe　that　information　will　re-flect　poorly　on　them.

(B)　The　curriculum　of　a　school　can　be　evaluated　by　examining　the　number　and　types　of　job　placements　achieved　by　its　students.

(C)　The　percentage　of　students　that　gain　employment　following　graduation　is　a　measure-ment　of　that　school"s　ability　to　provide　education.

(D)　The　sole　function　of　education　is　to　help　students　gain　employment.

(E)　Technical　schools　and　liberal　arts　schools　serve　different　educational　purposes.

答案(C)

4.有關(guān)加強(qiáng)(Strengthen)論證的問題：

French　divers　recently　found　a　large　cave　along　the　coast　of　the　Mediterranean　Sea.　The　cave　is　accessible　only　through　an　underwater　tunnel.　The　interior　of　the　cave　is　completely　filled　with　seawater　and　contains　numerous　large　stalagmites。

which　are　stony　pillars　that　form　when　drops　of　water　fall　repeatedly　on　a　single　spot　on　a　cave　floor,　leaving　behind　mineral　deposits　that　accumulate　over　time. wing?

(A)　The　Mediterranean　Sea　was　at　a　higher　level　in　the　past　than　it　is　now.

(B)　The　water　level　within　the　cave　is　higher　now　than　it　once　was.

(C)　The　French　divers　were　the　first　people　who　knew　that　the　tunnel　leading　to　the　cave　existed.

(D)　There　was　once　an　entrance　to　the　cave　besides　the　underwater　tunnel.

(E)　Seawater　in　the　Mediterranean　has　a　lower　mineral　content　now　than　it　had　when　the　stalagmites　were　being　formed.

答案(B)